Reactivity of M-C bonds and catalytiv formation of heterocycles Essay

Reactivity of M-C bonds and catalytiv formation of heterocycles - Essay Example The second key element is the CH activation process and this process usually helps in electrophilic metal and acetate activation. The activation is achieved through combination of deprotonation as well as acetate which is an intramolecular base. Currently, close to 95% of all phenyl group activation relies on CH activation (Anastas & Warner, 1998). Current studies have showed the ease of activation of different types of CH bonds and some of these bonds are NH or NR types. This type of bond falls in type 1 of the heterocycles ligands and the second type is the vinyl group. This group is characterized by the formation of rings such as M ring which at times is an equivalent of p-cymene. The vinyl group which is type 2 of the heterocycles in ligands is able to react with alkynes after the process of CH activation. The ease of insertion of the various M-C bonds which comprises of the heterocycle, phenyl, and vinyl with alkynes are not yet known. This is because very limited research has b een done on this area. The activation of these M-C bonds with the alkynes is expected to give type 3 of the heterocycles in ligands (Chen et al., 2009). Some of the end products of catalysis with heterocycles produce effects during the activation process and update such kind of effects have never been researched. Therefore, the effects that they are capable of producing are not well known. Basically, this project will tend to unveil the synthesis of complexes in group 2 like D, 1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol (II) and their various reactions with the alkynes to form either group 3 or group 4 heterocycles ligands (Sanford & Lyons, 2010). The obtained experimental results will therefore, be compared to the various results that are obtained through computational chemistry. These computational chemistry results will be the ones that were obtained by the various collaborators who were present at the University of Heriott Watt. PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONALIZED HETEROCYCLES STARTING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS The starting materials are 1-chloro-isoquinoline together with benzotriazole. The two are combined through nucleophilic substitution method. The combination of these two gives ligand 1. The use of deprotonation can also be used in the preparation of these functionalized heterocycles such as NH or NR. The deprotonation is carried out on imidazolium chloride salt together with a strong base as the solvent. The reaction time is at an interval of 10 to 15 minutes before the next step is undertaken. Reaction pass this time at times yield wrong results and therefore, keen observations of this reaction time is recommended for purposes of accurate results. The preferred chemical apparatus is Schlenk flask together with stir bar. Stir bar is used to prevent heat loss during the homogeneous mixing of the reactants. After the formation of ligand 1 the cyclometallated complexes 2 which is ligand 2 is formed from the reaction of 2-vinylpyridine and trithiazyl trichloride (Ng, Zhou & Yu , 2012). The ligand 3 is also formed from the reaction of rubeanic acid and double cyclocondesation of oxalamidoxime. These kinds of ligands are useful during the formation of multinuclear and mononuclear metal complexes. The other products formed are Diisopropoxytitanium (III) Tetrahydroborate, 1(2 mmol) and lithium bis (2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)hydroboratylmethylpolystyrene (9) A reaction between tetrahydroborate 1 of heterocycles 1 equivalent took place with a-hydroxyketones also of 1 equivalent for a time ranging between 5 to 15 minutes. The