BLOOD AND BELONGING :: essays research papers fc

     This is an investigate of the book, Blood and Belonging, by Michael Ignatieff. This paper will clarify the subject of the book and its significance, talk about Michael Ignatieff's strategies and ends on the subject lastly incorporate an individual study of the book by the creator of this paper.      The writer of the book goes on what he terms "the six journeys." On these "journeys" he experiences various societies, as he goes to six distinctive concurring territories of the world. He looks at the one of a kind articulation of patriotism that every masses shows by meeting different individuals from that specific culture. The six territories that he goes to are explicitly picked for the lucidity which patriotism is communicated in the public eye. Patriotism is a factor contributing toward both present conceivable future precariousness in these territories.      These territories are previous Yugoslavia (explicitly Croatia and Serbia), Germany, Ukraine, Quebec, Kurdistan and Northern Ireland. As indicated by Ignatieff, in Croatia and Serbia there is a craving for a separate character between the two countries. The dread of losing one's national character has caused ethnic contempt. A dread so solid and generally relentless, it has driven individuals to a urgent state to do anything. This is an enormous supporter of the purposes behind the extraordinary viciousness present there today. The creator states, "A Croat, along these lines, is somebody who isn't a Serb. A Serb is somebody who isn't a Croat." This citation significantly communicates the foolish mindset present in their contention.      In his movements in Germany, the creator calls attention to a significant question. Does the country make the state, or the express the country? This inquiry by a wide margin doesn't stop here, particularly when Germany is the subject. The quintessence of the German individuals is seen by some as forceful what's more, hostile, in this manner the presence of the German issue. On the off chance that the country makes the state then Germany will consistently be a danger. On the off chance that the state makes the country, at that point the forceful idea of the German country, which lead the world into two worldwide wars, can be outfit and diverted. The inquiry has its underlying foundations and answers in the ongoing reunification of Germany.      The Ukraine is worried about not being Russian. It is here Ignatieff gets a total vision of what patriotism is. He states, "I comprehend what patriotism truly is: the fantasy that an entire country could resemble a gathering; singing similar songs, tuning in to the

Archidamus and Pericles during the Greek Wars essays

Archidamus and Pericles during the Greek Wars expositions Pericles of Athens and Archidamus of Sparta contrived net evaluations that both accepted would give systems that would bring triumph and harmony for their particular states. This article will show that Archidamus made a superior showing of net appraisal before the episode of the Peloponnesian War. An away from and comprehension of net appraisal is fundamental. Prof Thomas Mahnken of the Naval War College, gave the accompanying definition: Net evaluation is a procedure that encourages you comprehend the idea of the war whereupon you are setting out, recognize your relative favorable position, and devise a methodology to underwrite upon your quality and adventure your adversary's shortcoming (Mahnken, Student Handout, p. 1). This definition can be separated into three components, 1) understanding the idea of the war, 2) distinguishing the qualities and shortcomings of the adversary to recognize a similar bit of leeway, and 3) devise a methodology to accomplish triumph. I will address t hese components, other key standards, and the historical backdrop of the war itself as the establishment to help my contention. Before looking at the fundamental issue, it is imperative to take note of the objectives in which the two heads being referred to are endeavoring to accomplish with their particular talks and the effect these objectives may have had on their appraisals. Archidamus objective was to persuade the Spartans that the time was not directly for war, and if the Spartans were to do battle ill-equipped, they would absolutely meet with calamity. The appraisal in his discourse concentrated essentially on the rival's qualities and rejects any potential shortcomings of the foe. Archidamus was taking on an up slope conflict trying to purchase time, which would support, in his evaluation, a superior long haul system for triumph. Pericles, in a remarkable difference, was supporting that the Athenians do battle, for it was unimaginable for them to be vanquished. Subsequently, Pericles featured all the qualities of the Athenian realm that... <!

Tips on How to Buy a Custom Term Paper

Tips on How to Buy a Custom Term PaperIf you are planning to buy a custom term paper, there are many things you need to consider first. First, what type of business is it? Is it for an academic research paper or for a business use?Think about what type of paper you are going to write. Do you want something simple or something complex? One way to find out is by studying the theme of the paper and analyzing the content. Once you have made up your mind, you can start looking for the right kind of paper.Do some research and find some reputable and reliable internet sources where you can get some helpful tips on how to buy custom term paper. You will be surprised with what you will find. Check out places like WordTracker, Word Online, and Wordpic and others that you can find online.WordTracker offers a free trial period, but you can also use their paid service. Word Tracker is one of the better custom paper suppliers around. With this company, you can have access to templates that you can customize with the number of pages you want.One more source where you can find some great tips on how to buy a custom paper are the websites of service providers. Some of them offer consulting services to help you choose the best term paper provider. You can also find them on other sites like eBay. Look for sites that offer free quotes.When you have decided on which company to go with, you can then decide on the budget and then start shopping for the new custom paper. You may also want to look at the different kinds of paper. You should be able to choose between A4 paper, Toner Board, Fine Point, Cartridge Paper, and so on. This will allow you to get exactly what you need.Start browsing around and see which companies offer you the cheapest rates. WordTracker is definitely the cheapest source around, while other companies may charge you a higher price for different reasons. You will need to know exactly what you are looking for and how much you are willing to spend so that you can g et what you want.Buying term papers online has a lot of advantages over visiting brick and mortar stores, but it has also a long way to go before it can match the convenience and affordability of buying them online. However, if you have the time and the patience, you will surely be happy with the ease of this option. In fact, you may even be tempted to do more than just purchase a custom term paper for yourself.

Computer Generated Imagery And Its Effects - 1983 Words

Computer-generated imagery was being developed during the 1980s and it soon started being used in films for effects. Rickitt (2006) explains that effects during the 80s were not just there to solve problems and producing impossible shots like their initial purpose but used as a marketing tool for films to promote themselves based on the quality of the image and amount of visual effects involved. Star Wars was the first film to make use of this marketing tool and made people grow more interest on the film itself as well as the effects and of course, this brought more income to the studios. This trend of using effects to promote films was immediately picked up and abused, but it did not last long. Tron (1982) was the first film based almost entirely on computer-generated scenery and massively advertised for them. However it ended up failing at the box office even though it had superb computer generated effects at the time of its release. Rickitt described that the failure of Tron could have been what made visual effects take longer to develop and being incorporated in films. This was the first sign that a film heavily equipped with effects does not mean that it would make a hit. Narrative is an important element of a film and effects cannot compensate for a bad narrative (McClean, 2007). After a decade of slow development, computer-generated imagery made its appearance once more in Jurassic Park (1993) and changed the opinions directors and studios regarding visual effects.Show MoreRelatedCgi (Computer Generated Imagery)1435 Words   |  6 PagesSandra Lewis English 102.033 Mr. Larsen April 3, 2011 Computer-Generated Imagery Forever Changes The Face Of Film And Television Movies were entirely revolutionized in the 1990s after the release of Toy Story (1995), the first feature length animation made entirely from CGI (computer-generated imagery) to be released. When it came to the drawing boards, productions companies changed the ways they had traditionally made animated movies. Movies made with CGI became easier to produce, more eye appealingRead More Technology Film Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagessought ways to escape the bounds of reality through special effects, like they continue to do today. In 1925, Willis O’Brien used stop-motion photography to animate dinosaurs, giant gorillas, and sword-wielding skeletons. Other special-effects technologies – miniatures, blue screens, puppets, claymation, and composite shots – were all used over the next 50 years. In the Disney movie TRON (1982), a computer programmer is trapped in a computer where programs are human-like creatures and are controlledRead MoreEnter the Void Film Review1 041 Words   |  5 Pagesmanner. Enter the Void is not only remarkable for its daring first-person perspective camera work, but Gaspar Noà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s brilliant use of computer-generated imagery allows him to visually synthesize the sex, drugs, and violence of this film, into a complex masterpiece. Noà © is able to create a visual beauty and sense of spirituality through the help of computer-generated imagery, even allowing the audience to share Oscar’s experience hallucinating after smoking DMT. Noà © experimented with hallucinogens in hisRead MoreDesigning A Computer Model Of A Human Body1336 Words   |  6 Pagesor animation from any 2D or 3D model with the help of computer programs. The model generated holds three dimensional qualities such as shadows, texture, lighting and viewpoint. Rendering can take a few minutes or even up to days for a single image per frame. In a 3D graphics context, rendering is a leading interactive media process and the last stage in the pipeline. Rendering has been gradually improving in terms of the speed as computer has become more rapid and the breakthrough from programmersRead MoreSpecial Effects Technician Career Overview and Pay Structure Essay701 Words   |  3 PagesSpecial Effects Technician Career Overview and Pay Structure A Special Effects Technician uses Computer Generated Imagery (CGI), pyrotechnics and physical effects to create visual illusions in film, television, stage or video productions.   I will attempt to explain the major areas of work covered under the title of Special Effects Technician, the education required and the salary expected in the field The Physical Effects Technician is the technician that works to make props, models, scenery,Read MoreMovies : Genres Of Movies892 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes futuristic or apocalyptic story. These movies utilize computer-generated imagery to enhance their story. This type of genre is usually set in the future. Some pros are the big screen filled with special effects and booming surround sound can really draw the viewer into the action. Some cons are that this movie genre can try to rely on special effects alone and lose the plot line. Also, if a movie in this genre has bad special effects, the theater going experience can be ruined. Furthermore, romanticRead MoreHigh Artistic Merit Films Exude Special Effects That Take Hollywood By Storm Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesHigh artistic merit films exude special effects that take Hollywood by storm. The American Film Institute lists Forrest Gump as one of the greatest American films of all time. Released in 1994 by Paramount Pictures, Forrest Gump tells the story of a Southern, mentally challenged man named Forrest Gump who experiences many tribulations in his life, such as having a low IQ of 75 and wearing braces on his leg as a child. Throughout the plot of the film, Forrest adheres to a signature phrase coined byRead MoreEssay on Computers and the Film Industry875 Words   |  4 PagesComputers and the Film Industry Computer technology invades the film industry. The existence of computers have aided in the production of genres of film ranging from action movie special effects, to cartoon animation and claymation. Computer Generated Imagery, better known as CGI, assists filmmakers in many ways. An image can be made two-dimensional from a three-dimensional scene, camera angles can be altered to make a character seem larger and thus more important than its surrounding bodiesRead MoreTechnological Evolution in the Film Industry Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagesbringing it back to life through the art technology of 2005. This includes advancements in visual effects, colour/film stock as well as a significant change in the story and acting. The central element of the film that was significantly improved in King Kong (2005) was visual effects, evident by its Oscar win for Best Visual Effects. It was remarkable for having the largest number of visual effects shots in a single film. In 1933, stop motion animation was revolutionised with the release of KingRead MoreNegative Effects Of Blockbuster Movies962 Words   |  4 PagesBlockbuster films, such as Star Wars and Avatar, exemplify what an awe-inspiring plot, talented actors, and flawless computer generated imagery can achieve. Although acquiring an exceptional plot and proficient actors is nothing new to produce a high grossing movie, the main contributor that separates award winning films today from the classics half a century ago is C.G.I. Undoubtedly, C.G.I revolutionized the whole cinema industry ranging from the increasing popularity of the sci-fi genre to the

Augustine As Mentor A Model For Preparing Spiritual Leaders

Augustine as Mentor: A Model for Preparing Spiritual Leaders By Edward L. Smither Nashville, TN: B H Academic, 2009, 272 pp, $14.74 paperback. Edward L. Smither, a gifted writer and scholar in historical theology and intercultural studies, and professor at Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary, has given the present-day pastor a useful tool to aid in the area of mentoring in Augustine as Mentor. He authored this book with the intentions of helping other spiritual leaders in the area of mentoring. Whether it is mentoring others or having a mentor for themselves, there are pastors and other spiritual leaders today that are spiritually lonely in their walk with Christ, and this book is meant to be a motivational tool to prompt positive actions from these types of spiritual leaders. It is a popular believe that no man is an island. In his book, Smither builds upon this idea by talking about the ways that Augustine used mentoring to help him become more mature in Christ, as well as to help support those whom he mentored. According to Smither, there are many spiritual leaders who â€Å"are struggling in isolation without a pastor to nurture their souls† (p. v). This is more common in western societies and Smither mentions that â€Å"unless they encounter a radical change, [these leaders] will not finish the race† (p. v). The purpose of this book review is to study and analyze Augustine’s model of mentoring and discuss how it can be applied to pastoring today. The book begins with a bold

The Root Cellar Poem Analysis - 726 Words

Deep into The Root Cellar Numerous artists make exceptionally uncertain implications when composing poetry. To some the understandings might be extremely energizing, while others consider them to be dull stories of a creators life. As uninteresting as it may be to a few, individuals can especially identify with specific focuses being made in many types of poetry. In The Root Cellar, Roethke examines in distinctive detail about the dim, moist, and rotten basement. The statements made are extremely discouraging and the thought of needing to surrender appears to be real. He depicts how everything stinks of rotting matter and how anything would not have the power to rest in such a place. Despite the fact that all appears to be lost, there†¦show more content†¦For the duration of his life, the greater part of the mental breakdowns he endured were really helping him. This misery, which he thought of as snapshots of mindfulness, was put towards his work. There were gigantic measures of misery and sadness in his written work. It appears, as there is a dim tone to The Root Cellar specifically with hidden implications to a few things. Despite the fact that the poem is loaded with life sucking symbolism, there is life to be found inside it. Roethke continued going in his life, despite the fact that he had some unpleasant and low focuses. In the poem, two lines truly emerge: Nothing would give up life. Even the dirt kept breathing a small breath. The enormous factor a person would get from looking at this is that nothing is sufficiently horrible to stop all together. Battle until the very end, something that one should detract from this piece. Things in that basement were kicking the bucket, rotting, however a few things strived ahead. The poem figures the dirt can be taken as an allegory to our own lives as individuals. When somebody achieves a state of outrageous misery, they feel lower than the soil. Since in the poem, the soil takes a breath, it tries to remain alive. The lowest form of item in that cellar, has discovered a reason to go onward. Roethke is viewed as a very open artist; a phrase used to name writers that depict theirShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Thoreau And Walden1424 Words   |  6 PagesA Literary Analysis of works by Mary Oliver Henry David Thoreau Author, Henry David Thoreau and Mary Oliver are both very passionate about nature and what it has to offer in life, as well as the symbolism behind nature and its creatures in their works of literature, in â€Å"Walden†, and â€Å"The House of Light†, Both authors discuss their views of nature and the beauty of the world that they want to make familiar to their audience. In this essay, I’ll provide my reasoning behind this statementRead MoreHow Sylvia Plaths Life is Reflected in the Poems Daddy, Morning Song, and Lady Lazarus2237 Words   |  9 PagesHow Sylvia Plaths Life is Reflected in the Poems Daddy, Morning Song, and Lady Lazarus Sylvia Plath has had an exciting life, if I can use this word. Her father died from an undiagnosed diabetes when she was eight. At the same time, a short couplet that she wrote was published in the Boston Sunday Herald. Later, she won scholarships to study in Smith, Harvard, and finally Cambridge. There, Plath married Ted Hughes, who was a good poet, too. What amazes me in her lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prophet By Kahlil Gibran1780 Words   |  8 Pagesliving the last twelve years in exile on an island. He is about to return home, but the islanders ask this wise man to share his wisdom on topics such as love, family, work, death reason, self-knowledge and ethics. It is written in the form of 26 prose poems delivered in sermons. Professor Juan Cole, historian of the Middle East at the University of Michigan who has translated several of Gibrans works from Arabic states,He offered a dogma-free universal spiritualism as opposed to orthodox religion, andRead MoreThe Black Cat And The Tell Tale3559 Words   |  15 PagesRegarded in the literary world as the architect of impeccably crafted short stories and poems, Edgar Allan Poe revitalized American literature. He was a main author in the nineteenth century during the movement of European literature. He is recognized as one of the leading progenitors of modern literature, in both horror and mystery fiction, and in its more complex and self-conscious form, which represent the essential artistic manner of the twenty century. He investigated the profound corners of

Biotechnology

Biotechnology- food Essay Bibliography 1.http://scope.educ.washington.edu/gmfood Copyright 2000-2004 by the SCOPE Research Group (UC Berkeley, UW, AAAS), all rights reserved. 2.http://www.safe-food.org 3. http://www.englishnature. org.uk/news/story.asp?ID=230 1998 2004 English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA England 4. http://www.fda.gov 5. http://pewagbiotech.org/resources/factsheets/display.php3?FactsheetID=2 Copyright 2004 The Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology Agricultural biotechnology is a collection of scientific techniques, including genetic engineering, that are used to create, improve, or modify plants, animals, and microorganisms. Using conventional techniques, such as selective breeding, scientists have been working to improve plants and animals for human benefit for hundreds of years. Modern techniques now enable scientists to move genes (and therefore desirable traits) in ways they could not before and with greater ease and precision (scope.educ. washington.edu). Biotech food, which is genetically modified or genetically engineered, is grown from seeds that carry specific genes to produce desired characteristics. In the early 1990s, the first biotech food on the market was a tomato that ripened on the vine and could be transported without bruising. The products of agricultural biotechnology today include plants that are protected from insects or are tolerant to herbicides. Biotech foods have now made their way onto our tables. More than a third of the corn and more than half of the soybeans in the 1999 U.S. harvest were grown from seeds produced using biotechnology. As biotechnology crops and foods have proliferated, so have questions and concerns. European consumers, perhaps because of unrelated food scares about diseased beef and contaminated soda, are arguing to label biotech food or keep it out of stores. Consumers in the United States are starting to pay more attention to these issues. Concerns range from food safety to environmental impact. Also framing the debate are ethical questions, including whether it is right to change the genetic makeup of a plant. Some objections that activists raise also apply to conventional crops grown with modern high-intensity agriculture. Increasing acreage given over to GA crops is one of the most frightening aspects. The pollen from these plants can travel miles from their host via wind and insects and fertilize other non-GA crops or related weed species growing nearby. This has already happened with canola and sugar beet. Furthermore, the genes inserted by the alteration process are more biologically vigorous and may be up to 30 times more likely to escape than the plants own genes. We have already seen this process take place with disastrous results with other exotic and invasive species such as kudzu in the south, and zebra mussels in our waterways( http://www.safe-food.org/). In some of the most publicized American research to date, Cornell University scientists reported recently that 44% of monarch butterfly larvae died within four days when fed milkweed (their exclusive food) that had been dusted with pollen from GA corn, while all the caterpillars fed normal corn pollen survived. British research has shown that beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings are negatively affected by feeding on GA crops, which are supposed to only affect target insect predators. Study has begun on the effects on the rest of the food chain, as birds and other wildlife then feed on these insects that have consumed the GA crops. Fear of his has led English Nature (the British Governments wildlife advisor) to warn that the introduction of GA herbicide tolerant crops could be the final blow for species like the skylark, the linnet and the corn bunting. (www.englishnature.org). As these novel organisms enter and alter the biosphere, there is grave concern for the effect on soil microorganisms upon which many other organisms depend. .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 , .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 .postImageUrl , .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 , .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88:hover , .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88:visited , .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88:active { border:0!important; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88:active , .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88 .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua1ead5ccff857026718bae2950121e88:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Listening to God's Voice Essay When applied on the outside, Bt remains active only a few days in the environment. However, when engineered into the genetic structure of the plant, a recent study found it to be active in the nearby soil at least eight months later. Bt toxins are engineered into a wide range of transgenic plants already released into the environment and this build-up in the soil may have a horrible influence on pollinators and other beneficial insects. On the contrast of this argument, many experts feel that everyone benefits from reduced food production costs. Farmers have reduced expenses, reaped higher crop yields, and used less pesticide, which is good for the environment. Biotech crops in the future will allow farmers to grow food in .

102 Reflection and Intro to Monsters Professor Ramos Blog

102 Reflection and Intro to Monsters Reflection Reflection Reflect on the writing process for your rhetorical analysis. Write for a few minutes on what you learned from writing this essay. Rhetorical Analysis Grading Criteria Critical Thinking Clarity of Writing Close reading of text, understand purpose, audience, and appeals MLA Sources Images and Title Fallacies Continued Fallacy Posters Define and explain the fallacy Give examples How to avoid the fallacy Monsters Introduction We are going to be starting the second and final unit of the course, Monsters. We will read, write, and think critically about monsters of many kinds. Monsters and Monstrosity will provide us the opportunity to learn about a phenomenon that stretches across multiple cultures and time periods. Monsters will also give you a better understanding of both cultural history and the world today. The first half of the course was meant as an introduction to critical thinking. The second half will be the application of critical thinking, through the lens of Monsters and Monstrosity. We will use Monster Theory to analyze monsters and what they represent.   Monsters are all around us. In the movies we watch, the books we write, and in every aspect of life. Monsters are fear inducing. But monsters are also cuddly like Shrek, Cookie Monster, and The Count on Sesame Street. Monsters have always been symbolic creatures, generally representing darkness and evil. The villain for the hero to vanquish. The Latin word  monstrum  refers to both a monster and a sign that something momentous or calamitous is likely to happen.

Limitations of International law in protecting human rights essays

Limitations of International law in protecting human rights essays The term International Law refers to the principles and rules of conduct that nations regard as binding and, therefore, are expected to and usually do conform to, in their relations with one another and their conduct toward their own people. The chief rights recognized in international law correlate to human rights. Fundamental Human rights include: protection against slavery, the right to self-determination (determining your own fate), freedom from torture, freedom of thought, and the right to be presumed innocent until proven otherwise. Now many human rights are protected by international law, but the question of how effective it is, is itself questionable. While nations choose to participate in international law, it is extremely effective. However, the second when a nation feels it neednt adopt an international agreement, such as when Israel failed to ratify the U.N Convention for the Ban on Torture, then very little can be done. Even when a nation has signed an agreement (which she is under no obligation to do) there is virtually no way the international community can ensure that it abides by the agreement. An international judicial organ exists (International Court of Justice), but its powers are limited by the concept of state sovereignty. Which is to say a nation has the authority of being independent and in charge of the conditions in which it choose to live. In this case, the sovereign right not to part take in a court case which would potentially deem it guilty of refusing rights to its citizens, however, even then there is no way to force the verdict on the guilty party. In addition, the formal process for regular review of human rights in states is a self-reporting system in which the state in expected to disclose all abuses. However, as one can imagine no nation would want to incriminate themselves, and taint their image in the international community by doing so. Consequently, most abuses go unreported an ...

Why the Managing Ethics and Social Responsibility Issue Is Relevant to Essay

Why the Managing Ethics and Social Responsibility Issue Is Relevant to the BP (British Petroleum) - Essay Example Ethics are used for setting the limits in regard to the operations of MNCs in countries worldwide. In its common sense, the term ethics is used for referring to ‘a code or set of principles by which people live’ (Popkin and Stroll 1993, p.1). However, the monitoring of the alignment of organizational decisions with ethics is a difficult task; in fact, it has been proved that most decisions of MNCs may violate ethics, at least at regional level. According to Beer (2010) the decisions of organizations operating in the context of the international market are likely to oppose, more or less, to ethics. Current paper reviews the performance of a well-known multinational corporation, British Petroleum (BP), in regard to ethics. According to the company’s reports, as presented below, the firm highly emphasizes on social responsibility and ethics in regard to all its activities. However, in practice the above argument is not verified. In fact, it is proved that the organiz ation has repeatedly failed in responding to its social responsibilities, causing severe damages on its employees and people living in the areas surrounding its sites; besides, the environmental effects of the firm’s activities cannot be ignored. It is clear that the firm needs to update its operations globally promoting ethics and social responsibility. ... practices with ethics and social responsibility, can be identified by referring to the firm’s existing policies for promoting social responsibility and ethics. At the next level, events proving the violation by the company of ethics will be presented and evaluated using appropriate literature. BP operates in an industry the effects of which on the environment can be significant. For this reason, and under the influence of the accident in Mexico in 2010, the firm has tried to introduce a series of initiatives for improving its relationship with its stakeholders. Daft and Marcic (2008) explain that the organization emphasizes on the continuous increase of its performance in regard to environmental responsibility. Lord John Browne, the Group’s Chief Executive, monitors the performance of the organization in regard to the specific sector (Daft and Marcic 2008, p.149). Browne notes that the increase of the needs in oil and gas annually has led to the increase of environmenta l risks, an issue that it is difficult to be managed effectively, due to the lack of control over the global needs in oil and gas (Daft and Marcic 2008, p.149). Moreover, the firm has introduced ‘an emissions trading system’ (Daft 2007, p.761), in order to improve its performance in locating resources without set environment in risk (Daft 2007, p.761). In addition, the firm has established an Educational Service, which promotes educational schemes for informing students and teachers on the effects of industrial operations on climate change, and the impact of the latter on human life (Ferrell and Hartline 2010, p.556). In 2005 the firm developed its Code of Conduct aiming to show to its stakeholders its efforts in promoting ethics and social responsibility (Ferrell and Hartline 2010, p.556). The

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Corporate finance - Essay Example The important role of SMBs is evident when the economies of the developing nations are considered. SMBs contribute greatly to the gross domestic product in a country, entrepreneurial skill development, generation of employment and innovation to many developing economies. In light of this, the paper will critically analyze the various sources of financing for small and medium scale businesses Due to the good impact of SMBs in the economy of a country, support schemes and programs have been put forth in institutions by some of the developed and developing countries so as to support them (Prasad, C. 2004). This support includes offering loans, expert counseling on the types of credit so as to avoid credit risk, advice and legal assistance on exports by the government of the United States of America through small business administration. For instance, in the late 80s the Nigerian Government established the Entrepreneur Development Programme through the National Directorate of Employment, the objective of this policy was to reduce unemployment level through providing an opportunity for individuals to acquire entrepreneur skills. Further they would be able to secure loans for themselves so that they can start their own small and medium scale enterprises (Dinesh, 2003). Another case was in Mexico whereby the Mexican Development Fund was established so as to provide an arrangem ent of finance to aid agricultural activities. Despite such efforts, investigations reveal that the SMBs are still facing major challenges. Some of the SMBs cannot easily access funds thus posing a major threat to their existence in terms of growth and survival. Ekpenyong and Nyong (1992) states that in some countries like Ghana for example, financial schemes have been launched. They include Micro-finance, venture capitalist trust, and small loan centers among others. Others are export development, Investment Funds and

Education policy Essay Example for Free

Education policy Essay Security, quality education, access to healthcare, prospects of a reasonable job on merit and sound economy are the ingredients to be provided by the state to its citizens to run the state and the society smoothly. Growth of successful nations is denoted particularly to the education. There was a time when people believed that higher education should be available to people of all social classes and, obviously, it was freely available to all who wanted it. The fact that it is not, that public education was once available and now it is very hard to access is indicative of deep problems in Pakistan. Encouraging colleges and universities to raise their own resources by charging higher fees has clearly excluded a significant section of students belonging to poor sections of the society. Education in Pakistan is now so expensive that poor can’t even imagine of their children becoming doctors and engineers. Our education system is passing through a very bad phase now and it is regarded as perhaps amongst the poorest in the world. Cream of the Pakistani brain is either becoming idle due to non-availability of ever rising cost of education or going to other countries. UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS Article 1 provides; every child has the right to have equal access to an education, irrespective of their color, creed, nationality, ethnicity, or social and financial status, so they may obtain gainful employment and contribute to the growth of their society, being born free and equal in dignity and rights. Life for a common man in Pakistan in this so called â€Å"democratic† regime has already become difficult owing to the all-round price rise across the country. Inflation, combined with policies of privatization, has caused a complete deterioration in living standards of the people. Frankly speaking, there is no such thing as democracy in Pakistan. This type of â€Å"democracy† has often left the common man in constant struggle for survival. Majority of Pakistanis are living in poverty and unsustainable economic conditions; when they are struggling for their livelihood education loses its utility in their eyes and it becomes far from their desire. But for the riches and powerful corrupt politicians, things are very rosy. Pakistan is suffering terribly for that, with socio-political and economic crises strewn all over the society like a straw hut in a typhoon. Lack of good education and unemployment in Pakistan would contribute many social ills, including crime, prostitution, and the break down in law and order. In Pakistan, providing education to the masses had always been state responsibility. Now there has been a major push for the private provision of educational services. Moreover, corrupt politicians, feudalism, injustice are such problems which have further pressed the most pressed people of the country. Education is a tremendous tool for social change as well as an opportunity out of poverty traps. People trapped in the lower classes have trouble climbing out of it because they lack the tools to do so, because they live in a feudal society that actively works to keep them there, and education can be a form of escape hatch. But Education System in Pakistan In Human development Report Pakistan is placed at 136th position for having just 49. 9% educated population. In addition to that, Pakistan is ranked at 113th out of 120 registered UN members according to the research conducted by UNESCO et. all. Some of the very basic flaws of the education system in Pakistan contribute to the economic, ethnic and sociopolitical crisis within the country. Flaws of Education System in Pakistan Firstly, the education system of Pakistan is based on unequal lines. Medium of education is different in both, public and private sector. This create a sort of disparity among people, dividing them into two segments. Such a distraught infrastructure is a basic cause of high illiteracy rate in Pakistan and high drop out rates in rural areas and public school. Secondly, regional disparity is also a major cause. The schools in Balochistan (the largest province of Pakistan by Area) are not that much groomed as that of Punjab (the largest province Of Pakistan by Population). In FATA, the literacy rate is deplorable constituting 29. 5% in males and 3% in females. The third major cause of flawed education system in Pakistan is gender discrimination. The current primary school ratio of boys and girls is 10:4, which is a cause of huge concern. For the last few years there has been an increase in the growth of private schools. It is believed that Pakistan is among the most prominent states affected by gender discrimination. That not only harms the quality of education in Pakistan but create a gap among haves and have nots. Fourthly, the lack of technical education is a biggest flaw in the education policy that has never been focused before. Therefore, less technical people means low standard of education. Fifthly, the allocation of funds for education are very low. It is only 1. 5 to 2. 0 percent of the total GDP. It should be around 7% of the total GDP. At that budget allocation, the illiteracy rate in Pakistan would not decrease but rather increase. The federal and provincial governments need to cut down their expenditures in other areas and spend a bigger proportion of income on education. Moreover, the quality of education in most of the public schools and colleges is well below par; the teachers in government schools are not well trained. People who do not get job in any other sector, they try their luck in educational system. They are not professionally trained teachers so they are unable to train a nation. Quality of teaching needs special attention in rural areas where the teachers lack in all departments. In America, Europe and most of the developed countries, the emphasis of the states is on developing virtual education systems i. e. provision of education through online networks. The idea of online education is gathering momentum and many online institutions have been set up which offer online courses and online degrees. The Higher Education Commission and Education ministry need to focus on developing a strong online education network so that students through out the country can benefit. Universities such as Harvard, Berkley and MIT are offering online courses and degrees. It reflects the importance of online education in todays modern high tech world. Finally, Poverty is also another factor that restrict the parents to send their children to public or private schools. So, they prefer to send their children to Madrassas where education is totally free. The government has to make changes to financial infrastructure to improve the situation. Bank loans for education purposes should not be interest based as it discourages the people of Pakistan to acquire loans. Education loans are offered at low rates through out the world and it enable people to acquire quality education. Social awareness regarding all these issues need to be spread and we, the people of Pakistan have to work hand in hand with the government authorities to improve the current system. Our children should not be deprived of their basic right to acquire knowledge. All these issues contribute to high illiteracy rate, which in turn result in economic crisis in shape of high unemployment rate and below-par quality of labor. Moreover, the country suffers on social, political and technological front! There are hundred other problems which need attention but the core-issues need to be addressed as soon as possible. You can read my article Pakistans Educational System which is an overview of the education infra-structure within the country. In todays world, the benchmark for excellence is education. Moreover, if a country has a distraught academic infrastructure, the chances to survive in current competitive world are petite. The illiteracy rate in Pakistan is alarmingly high which calls for critical attention. The federal and provincial governments need to work together towards elimination of flaws of education system in Pakistan. The first time I thought about education and its significance to this society was when I went on a field trip to a school set up by an NGO in the late 1990s. It is now a rightly famous NGO but back then during my sixth grade field trip it just seemed like a project of a group of cranky Karachi businessmen who had decided to spit against the wind of the government’s non-interest in providing education to its people. These rich grouches had  gotten together in the chaos of 1995 Karachi and seeing the government more interested in massacring hard-boiled militants than provide social services, they decided to simply pool their own money and build their own schools. How benevolent of them. I would love to see these rich men’s tax receipts. The citizens of a country shouldn’t be dependent on the benevolent charity of rich men. Through their own democratic political process, citizens must enforce upon their richest members the income taxes necessary to fund an education system that reaches every child in the state. The fact that Pakistanis have not done so points towards the weakness of their political system in dealing with its population’s educational needs. There is no real shortcut from the state actually enforcing a tax system that extracts the adequate revenue needed to fund the creation of a school near every human settlement in Pakistan. The goal I have described of having a school near every human settlement in Pakistan, is what Pakistan is obligated to do under its current international treaties and the simplest and most straightforward way it can be done. It is certainly not impossible. Pakistan has managed to make sure that no human settlement lacks a mosque. The same needs to be done for schools. Where we went wrong Nationalisation of schools, as was done by the Z. A. Bhutto administration, was a shortcut that cannot be used, and was actually instrumental in ruining government schools. The provincial governments that ran education departments became overstretched then to the point of breaking. The schools that were nationalised saw the prospect of future capital and human investment in them pointless, as the former owners were now dispossessed of their old stake in the schools. Good teachers left, rather than become government employees to be posted in far flung places, and the lack of good teacher training colleges, a necessity unacknowledged up until recently, saw little competent replacement. By nationalising the missionary (Christian), faith-based (Muslim) and private schools, an unwieldy, unplanned expansion of Pakistan’s school system reduced the status of government school teachers to the corrupted, incompetent, ineffective place it finds itself in today. Teachers do not come to classes, and if they do, they are ill-prepared to teach. It becomes difficult to weed out and penalise underperforming teachers because their status as government employees prevents them from being penalised as they would be in the private sector. As much as this rhetoric may sound similar to the United States, Pakistan’s teachers’ unions continue to shelter wildly incompetent teachers, who beyond being simply bad at teaching, many times do not even show up. Anti-participatory environment We are not helped either by large class sizes, low teacher to student ratios, non-production of teachers in a sufficient quantity and quality by the low number of Pakistani teacher-training colleges. Central to this remains the criminally low expenditure on education by Pakistan, and the failure to collect or divert enough revenue to the education sector. Taking the education emergency of Pakistan seriously would mean finding means to increase the amounts spent on education in Pakistan, on a war footing. Students cannot themselves push for an effective learning environment. Despite the fact that some students actually do want to learn, the environment that exists in classrooms, does not brook dissent. This discourages students from bringing up flaws in their educational setting. This anti-participatory environment in classrooms is facilitated by excessively large class sizes, which discourages teachers from having more individualised interactions with students. This anti-participatory trend in classrooms is complemented by an anti-democratic trend in schools, where no voting is done to elect new prefects or monitors, rather the relevant students are appointed by the school administration. Giving students an opportunity to actually vote for their school leaders might inculcate democratic and participatory values in them at an earlier age, and teach them the responsibility of making their own decisions. If and when these students reach Pakistani universities, they can adequately recognise the entrenched authoritarianism accumulated in many of Pakistan’s universities over the last three decades. Student politics This persistent anti-democratic trend within Pakistan’s educational establishments has reinforced the low academic quality of these institutions. There is little legitimate input from the student bodies on how their education is conducted. Since the 1980s student union elections have been either banned or delayed, witnessing unrest in a violent country like Pakistan ripple into campuses as violence, as opposed to measured  debate. The situation turned chaotic in the 1990s when the general mayhem of the city of Karachi coincided with violence on the Karachi University campus. The presence of such violence made the students of that decade disinterested in participatory politics. This suited the authoritarian and bureaucratic administrations of varsities, as well as the sclerotic, unelected leadership of Pakistan’s political parties. They did not mind that the students of Pakistan slid into political apathy. However, the importance of student politics was re-kindled in the 2007 lawyer-led movement against the dictatorship of General Musharraf. The importance of student politics was even acknowledged by the government that won against Musharraf in 2008, when it lifted the ban on student and trade union elections. However, the twist in the tale has been the glaring domestic democratic deficit of this government. The anti-participatory atmosphere on campuses has not lifted as no memorable student elections have been held. Neither have any well-publicised trade union elections been held. And most significantly, no internal party elections have been held in any party that maintains a decisive number of seats in parliament. What the lack of student democracy has to do with Pakistan’s state of education is that there is no feedback from students, who are the objects of education. There is no diminishment in the cruel authoritarian atmosphere of Pakistani government classrooms, where teachers, in negligent enough environments can still use sticks to punish students. I never really thought about education in society as a child. That would have been expected of any 11 year old. But when I visited a third grade NGO school classroom in the late ’90s and saw another 11 year old struggling with phrases I would read just for fun, it hit me how serious the problem of illiteracy was for Pakistani society. In a misbegotten decade as that one, beyond the Gordian knot we had witnessed of Karachi’s bloody politics, the reality of children’s mis-education struck me as a crueler fate, a dire issue that had to be resolved immediately. That’s because these ill-educated children would not remain children much longer. They would soon be badly-educated adults. And if this cruel act of omission by Pakistani society was not amended quick enough, then one more generation would see their adulthoods wasting away under the 21st century curse of illiteracy. Tax the rich, teach the kids. We have an education emergency on our hands. The Education System of Pakistan is divided into five levels 1. Primary level (Class 1 to 5) 2. Middle level (Class 5 to 8th) 3. Secondary level (S. S. C) 4. Intermediate level (H. S. C) 5. University level (Graduation, Masters and Research) Another division of Education System in Pakistan according to the School System 1. 1.  Public Schools or Government Schools These schools are managed and financed by the government. Unfortunately, the majority of the schools are in poor condition.  » There is no any merit system; teachers and other staff are appointed by the ministers on their own wishes.  » There is no any accountability; a large number of GHOST SCHOOLS AND GHOST TEACHERS are listed in the documents. They are receiving funds and pays, but, in reality they did not exists.  » In Rural areas, the buildings of public schools are mostly held by Waderas and Feudal. They use them as marriage halls, otaks, bethaks etc. â€Å"Public schools are the nurseries of all vice and immorality. † (Henry Fielding) 1. 2. Elite Class Schools (private schools) Due to badly failure of government in providing the Education, the Elite Class Education System in Pakistan got successes very quickly. Today, even poor prefer to send their child in these private schools but because of high fee structure many aspirants are unable to part this Education System. It is generally accepted that, the standard of Elite Class Education System is more reliable and first-rate than Public Schools and Madarsas. There is accountability, transparency and checking system. Generally, the students of private schools are more competent than those of public schools and Madarsas. The government should take lessons from this Education System. These are successive models for the government i. e. CITY SCHOOL, BEACON SCHOOLS, PAK-TURK SCHOOLS etc. 1. 3. Madarsas Madarsas are the largest NGOs of the world. Today in Pakistan about 8000 Madarsas are working. They provide not only Education but also accommodation and food. They provide Islamic as well as worldlyEducation. Mostly, poor parents who are unable to educate their child prefer this Education System. The government should introduce the reforms for the Madarsas and improve their standard. This will be helpful in two ways. Firstly, it will provide free of cost education to poor child. Secondly, it will lessen the burden the government. Before the 18th Amendment, the EducationSystem in Pakistan was the responsibility of Federal Government. The Ministry of Education at Federal level was responsible for formulating Policies, Planning and Promotion of Educational facilities across the country. But, after the passing of 18th Amendment, the responsibilities of Education System are divided among the Federation and the Provinces. The responsibilities of the Provinces 1. To set the Curriculum 2. To set the Syllabus 3. Standards of Education up to Grade 12 (F. Sc, H. S. C, I. Com, etc). 4. Islamic Education The responsibilities of Federation are following 1. Planning and Policy 2. External Affairs; Signing, implementation and monitoring of Bilateral and Multi-lateral Educational Agreements, Pacts, Protocols, MoUs 3. Controlling of Libraries, museums, and similar institutions 4. Federal agencies i. e. FATA 5. Special Studies 6. Inter-provincial matters and co-ordination. † 7. Legal, medical and other professions. 8. National planning and national economic coordination including planning and coordination of scientific and technological research. 9. National Education Policy and clear cut Domain over the following acts. 1. 1. Centres of Excellence Act 1974 2. Area Study Centres Act 1975 3. Pakistan Study Centres Act 1976 4. National Book Foundation Act 1972 5. Fed. Board of Intermediate Sec Education Act 1975 6. Federal Directorate of Education Isb. [Article 142 (d)] 7. Federal Supervision of Curricula, Textbooks and Standards of Education Act 1976 8. National Education Foundation Ordinance 2002. Source: http://www. defence. pk/forums/national-political-issues/125588-education-system-pakistan-good-bad. html#ixzz2PKkMjbtM Flaws hovering over Pakistan’s education system Filed under ISSUES 0 According to the reports of Human development our country is placed at 136th with just 49. 9 percent educated population. There is lack of uniform education system. Private and Govt. educational institutions has different syllabus. The flaws in education system lead to sociopolitical, economic and ethical issues in our society. Our education system is based on uneven lines. Even the medium of education is different in private and public educational institutions. This inequality has divided people among two segments. Such a distressed educational infrastructure is a crucial cause of increasing rate of illiteracy in Pakistan. The regional discrepancy is also main reason illiteracy in Pakistan. The schools in largest province of Pakistan Baluchistan are not establish and sparked as schools in Punjab. There is lack of awareness among people about the significance of education. In FATA the literacy rate is very poor constituting 29. 5% in men and 3% in women. The gender discrimination is also one of the major causes of educational flaws in country which is projecting the boys and girls primary schools ratio 10:4 correspondingly. In the last few years many new primacy schools for girls and boys are established but still there is need to establish more and more primary schools to meet the educational needs of increasing population. In the last decade the growth of private sector schools is tremendously increased. The private schools trend not just harms the quality of education but also created a huge gap between rich and poor. The people of lower class couldn’t afford the fees of private educational schools and colleges. In public schools there is lack of quality education. There is also shortage of required facilities like qualified, train staff, furniture and school buildings etc. Our educational policy doesn’t focus on technical education. There are very few technical institutions and less technical trained people in country. The funds allocated for the education are not sufficient the funds are just about 1. 5 % to 2. 0% of total GDP. Although to promote the education the funds must be about 7 percent of total country GDP. With increased education budget the literacy rate in country will surely increased. The provincial and federal Government both need spend a larger portion of their income on promoting education. Author: Rizwan Ghani Posted On: Tuesday, August 02, 2011 Source/Reference: www. pakobserver. net Total Views :1320| After 18th Amendment, improvement of education in Pakistan to international standards can be done with help of international frameworks including Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and boards like National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). Federal and provincial governments have to address the issue of teaching language (English, Urdu or regional languages), standardization of curriculum, and dealing with two-track education system- Urdu and English medium to take local and international exams. These tested frameworks can bring the progress of decades in Pakistan while saving billions of dollars. Thus, Pakistan needs to adopt appropriate policies to raise education standards, sustain economy and earn foreign exchange. The political, social and education complexities of teaching language can be controlled with help of international frameworks. PISA does not require the member states to change curriculums, teaching languages and teaching methodologies. It allows governments to periodically monitor outcomes of national education systems within internationally agreed framework. It provides a basis for international collaboration in defining and implementing educational goals and skills that are relevant to adult life (professional and social). PISA reading, mathematics and general science frameworks help bring national education at par with international standards. Around half a million 15-year-olds from 75 countries representing 28 million students, participated in PISA 2009 assessments and surveys. Pakistan can use PISA to improving national education standards in all provincial languages (www. pisa. oecd. org). Teaching in local languages can improve Pakistan’s education standards internationally. According to the 2011 Writing Framework for National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) of America, good writing instruction empowers students to acquire new knowledge and to develop critical thinking skills. This is true of writing in all subject areas, not just English language http //www. state. nj. us/education/assessment/naep/results/writing/2011naep. PISA and NAEP framework rubrics allow student evaluations irrespective of language. Learning and teaching in mother tongue is a universal human right recognized by UN. China, was a top scorers in 2009 PISA testing http //www. nytimes. com/2010/12/07/education/07education. html. It shows education in mother tongue does not affect nation’s international competitiveness and national education standards. Since education is a provincial subject, therefore provinces should be free to impart education in local languages, make English and Urdu as optional languages. Provinces can issue degrees with pass/fail with English/Urdu or both to free the country from politics of language. It will allow students to continue higher education without passing compulsory languages, which is a major contributor to school and college dropouts. It will allow the students to join job market who do not wish to continue with further education. The employer can omit or consider language(s) pass/fail status of candidate at the time of employment. On the other hand, the higher education institutions can keep compulsory languages as part of admission criteria. In line with many American universities, a six months period can be given to first year university students to clear compulsory languages. In terms of syllabus, international frameworks and boards can help Pakistan’s policy makers develop required syllabuses, fulfill demands of local market, and meet national education objectives to bring national and international education at par. They allow improving exam testing and incorporating modern technology in reading and writing. In addition, they facilitate linking of national boards to international boards like NBME (www. nbme. org). NBME model allows state medical qualified doctors to take national level exams, upgrade national education and examination standards and link them to rest of the world. It allows tens of thousands of international medical graduates to take United States Medical Licensing Exam without actually studying in American medical colleges. It is equally true for British, Australian and New Zealand medical boards. This model can help cut cost of professional education and fight poverty in Pakistan. Based on these frameworks and models, federal and provincial governments of Pakistan should collaborate to standardize local education and bring it equal to international standards. Islamabad should hold annual summits with China and western countries in line with reports of annual Indo-US higher education summits planning collaboration of universities in both countries. In addition, Pakistan needs to allow private publishers to print books according to the contents of given courses. It will improve concepts of students, standard of books and education. The existing control of federal government on higher education needs to be changed by allowing provinces complete control of universities, scholarships, hiring, training etc. Federal government needs to become a regulatory body instead of controlling authority and facilitates provinces to standardize higher education, provincial education and bring it equal to international levels. Federal education setup should work with ministry of labor and manpower to identify and develop human resource for interprovincial and overseas market, work with foreign missions to issue annual forecast of overseas jobs and train foreign workers and students. Pakistan needs to organize education to cater to local and international needs, attract foreign investors and earn foreign revenue. Reportedly, America and Britain earned $31bn and ? 8 bn in 2010 from foreign students respectively. China is charging $5333 boarding lodging fee annually for a five-year MBBS and one-year internship. It is also offering seven-year specialization degree programs (5 years MBBS and 2 years specialization) in most medical fields. Beijing has gained international recognition through standardized tuition fees, transparency, qualified staff and allowing foreign students and teachers in local universities (http //www.4icu. org/cn/). The Chinese model can help Pakistan cut prices of professional education by 50 percent and train surplus number of local and foreign students to sustain domestic and international needs. In line with China, Pakistan should also take necessary steps to attract flocks of foreign students, interns and investors. Finally, a debate is going on in China on two-track system- one for national college entrance exam (the gaokao) and other for international exams. Imran Khan’s PTI is deliberating about single education system. Pakistan can overcome challenge of teaching language, two-track system (English and Urdu medium) and bringing local education at par with international with help of international frameworks, NBME and more freedom to provinces. | Pakistans Education System and Links to Extremism Author: Jayshree Bajoria October 7, 2009 * Introduction * A Dysfunctional System * Government Reform Plans * The Madrassa Myth? * Reforming Madrassas * U. S. Policy Implications. Pakistans poor education system has increasingly become a matter of international concern. Lack of access to quality education, which in turn limits economic opportunity, makes young Pakistanis targets for extremist groups, some experts say. The World Bank says nearly half the adult population of Pakistan cant read, and net primary enrollment rates remain thelowest in South Asia. Experts say the system suffers from inadequate government investment, corruption, lack of institutional capacity, and a poor curriculum that often incites intolerance. In August 2009, chief counterterrorism adviser to the White House John Brennan, summing up a concern held by many U. S. terrorism experts, said extremist groups in Pakistan have exploited this weakness. It is why they offer free education to impoverished Pakistani children, where they can recruit and indoctrinate the next generation, he said. There have been some efforts by the Pakistani government, Western governments, and the World Bank to reform the system, but serious challenges remain. A Dysfunctional System According to the Pakistani governments National Education Policy 2009 (PDF), three parallel streams in educationpublic schools, private schools, and Islamic religious schools, or madrassashave created unequal opportunities for students. Of the total number of students going to primary school (grades 1 to 5), 73 percent go to public or government schools, 26 percent to private schools, and less than 1 percent to madrassas, according to the Karachi-based policy research institute Social Policy and Development Center. Within the public and the private sector, there are elite schools catering to a small minority of students. The majority of students attend low-quality private and public schools with poor curriculum, limited teaching materials, and inadequate number of properly trained teachers, or in many cases absent teachers. [N]o Pakistani leader has had the courage to implement serious [education] reforms- Pervez Hoodbhoy The government-mandated curriculum is a major concern for Western observers who say it encourages intolerance and a narrow worldview. Except in some elite private schools, which do not follow the government-prescribed curriculum, all public schools and registered private schools have been required to teach Islamiyat, or Islamic studies, for nearly thirty years. In addition to Islamiyat, many scholars have noted that the government curriculum uses Islam for a wide array of controversial ideological objectives, writes C. Christine Fair in the 2008 book The Madrassah Challenge. A 2003 report on the state of curriculum and textbooks by the Islamabad-based independent Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) said that for over two decades.

Racism Essay -- essays research papers

As societies become more complex a complex change came about. The social system elevated entire categories of people above others, providing one segment of the population with a disproportionate share of money, power and schooling. To a considerable degree, the class system in the United States rewards individual talent and effort. But, our class system also retains elements of a caste system; Ascribed status greatly influences what we become later in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nothing affects social standings in the United States as much as our birth into a particular family, something, which we have no control over. Being born to privilege or poverty sets the stage for our future schooling, occupation and income. Research suggests that at least half of the richest individuals, those with hundreds of millions of dollars in wealth, received their fortunes primarily from inheritance. By the same token, the â€Å"inheritance† of poverty and the lack of opportunity that goes with it just as surely shape the future for those in need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People of both sexes are born into families at every social level. Yet, on average, women earn lower income, accumulate less wealth, enjoy lower occupational prestige, and place lower in some areas of educational achievement than men do. Households headed by women are ten times more likely to be poor than those headed by men. Women make $0.75 for every $1.00 that men make.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Race is strongly connected to social position in the United States. Overall, white people have higher occupational standing than African Americans, and they receive more schooling, especially at the college level and beyond. These differences are evident in median income: African American families earned $26,522 in 1998, which is just 59 percent of the $44,756 earned by white families. Higher income is a key reason that 77 percent of white families are more likely to own their own home, than black families, 49 percent. Another reason for the racial disparity involves family patterns. African American families with children are three times more likely than their white counterparts to have only one parent in the home. Single-parenthood is a strong predictor of low family income. Ethnicity, as well as race, shapes social stratification in the United States. Throughout our nation’s history, people... ...n with no husband present, while just seven percent of poor families are headed by single men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  White people usually in a more privileged position to begin with, have been more upwardly mobile than Africans or Hispanics in recent decades. Women also tend to have less opportunity for upward mobility as well, since the majority of women tended toward clerical or service positions. These positions tend towards little advancements. When a marriage ends in divorce (as roughly as 50% do) women commonly experience a downward movement, with the loss of income and a host of benefits, including health care coverage and insurance benefits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social mobility is common in the United States. However there are only small changes from on generation to the next. Without an aristocracy, many people feel that they have a chance at the â€Å"American Dream† since Americans believe in the idea of â€Å"All men are created equal† statistics show, however, that not all men are created equal, but created â€Å"unequal†, especially minorities and women. Despite theses difficulties, there is home to climb the â€Å"social ladder† and be a part of the â€Å"American Dream†

Sredni Vashtar & the Lumber-Room Summary

A sickly ten-year-old boy lives a miserable life in the house of his domineering cousin guardian. However, He would not live another 5 years of his life because he is sick. He creates a fantasy religious cult in a garden shed, where his idols are a hen and a ferret. He is a lonely and imaginative young boy. One day he bought a polecat-ferret and named it Sredni Vashtar. Conradin lived with Mrs De Ropp, his guardian. She is the one who took care of Conradin and responsible to serve shelter, food and clothes for conradin. Although they lived together, Mrs De Ropp dislikes Conradin. She never shows her concern toward Conradin. In the story, Conradin keeps two animals in backyard shed which is a hen and a ferret. But, Mrs. De Ropp discovers the hen and told to Conradin that she has sold the hen to the butcher. When his guardian gets rids rid of his hen, he prays to the ferret for revenge. Then, Conradin turn his devotion to the Sredni Vashtar, a great ferret. It gives happiness to Conradin although he is sick. Sredni Vashtar is like a god for Conradin. One day, Mrs. De Ropp realized that Conradin was keeping something else from her in the shed where Sredni Vashtar stayed. She goes the shed again. At last she finds Sredni Vashtar while Conradin prays to his god for the safety of his ferret. She went there to check it but she was been bitten in the throat by the ferret and died. Sredni Vashtar bite Mrs. De Ropp. The maid went to the shed and shocked. She screamed out loud as she discovers the dead body of Mrs. De Ropp while Conradin enjoys toast in the kitchen. The Lumber-Room One morning, a boy called Nicholas doesn't want to eat his breakfast, and puts a frog in his bowl. His distant aunt gives out to him for this, and Nicholas's two cousins and younger brother are taken to the seaside at Jagbourough, while he has to remain at home as a punishment. When the other children have left, Nicholas's distant aunt goes to work in the garden and commands him to stay out of the gooseberry garden. Nicholas instead takes the key from a shelf in the library and sneaks into the lumber room, where he is never allowed to go. He has lots of fun in the lumber room. He sees lots of beautiful and strange objects, such as old ornaments, tapestries, and a teapot shaped like a duck. He finds a big book with pictures of birds in it. While he is looking at a picture of a duck, the aunt screams for him. Nicholas finds that she has fallen into a tank of water, and refuses to help her out on the grounds that she is an impostor. Nicholas's cousins and brother come back from the sea in a very bad mood. They have had no fun at all because the tide was in and one of them had sore feet. The aunt was rescued from the watertank by a kitchen maid after more than half an hour. Only Nicholas is happy because he is thinking of a tapestry depicting hounds and a stag.

Literary Analysis Of Alice Walker And Visual Artist

Introduction My paper literary artist Alice walker and visual artist Van Goth are best artist in the world, they have many similar things and different things, they are come from different century, different country, they have different family background, they have different work and life. People have different views on them. They both well know and both have a lot of fans in the world. Compared their difference and similar, life and work. We could links the two lives and their work together. For my two artist, they both had a hard time, Alice Walker was accidentally injured in the right eye and one of her brothers opened fire and she lost her right eye, She lost her baby because of sad, She experienced several painful periods of wanting†¦show more content†¦She sketched, painted watercolors, painted wildflowers, bouquets, and so on, and collected them. Van Gogh s grandfather was also a priest. Three of the company s uncle, three, are quite successful art dealers. Van Gogh s father make art dealer with the three uncle feeling is very good, also often talk about art, therefore, which van Gogh grew up in the family, has been with religion and art has a deep origin., that is huge different between Alice Walker. They lived different times, Van Gogh in the second industrial revolution period, Alice Walker after the end of the Second World War, and in the US civil rights movement during the period. They lived different country, Alice walker from American, The abuse of violence by the police, the violation of human rights, including the lynching of blacks, the falsification of charges and the illegal and forced detention are common. In fact, apartheid is seen everywhere in the United States, Which made her join in this political campaign for racial equality. In her novels, she vividly reflects the plight of black women, and praises the spirit of their struggle with adversity and the strong character of self-reliance. To distinguish herself from other feminists, she proposed the unique concept of Womanism. If womanism is the theory, her long novel, The Color Purple, is a concrete practice of this theory. In Van Goth’s country Netherlands, a beautiful and quiet country, it has so many famous artists in the history:Show MoreRelatedBrief Summary of the Harlem Renaissance.1863 Words   |  8 PagesRenaissance marked the first time that mainstream publishers and critics took African American literature seriously and that African American literat ure and arts attracted significant attention from the nation at large. Although it was primarily a literary movement, it was closely related to developments in African American music, theater, art, and politics. BEGINNINGS The Harlem Renaissance emerged amid social and intellectual upheaval in the African American community in the early 20th centuryRead MoreThe Discourse Community Of The English Subject2328 Words   |  10 Pagescommunicators who share the same common goals or interests and use different forms of communication to achieve these goals. Some of these forms of communication may range from reading, writing, the use of technology such as blogging and emailing, and even visual art such as painting and drawing. As an English major focusing on the aspect of creative writing, the discourse community I so happened to be associated with is of the English subject. The discourse community of the English literature is made up ofRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagesdifficult to judge the work of the individuals who did the actual set design and visual design of the films of the thirties. In looking at art direction in the 30s you are really looking at the work of the heads of the art department. The style of these art directors is often difficult to judge because their personal contribution to the films they made is often debatable. Their control over the visual aspects of the films is unarguable. If a movie-goer of the 1930s new theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesProject Manager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition:Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate